Early Years of the Mainframe

1. During the Second World War, a group of women were recruited by the US military to do ballistics research. When the war ended in 1945, six of those women were hired to work on a related computing project. According to Jean Jennings Bartik, “We started with logical diagrams, and we were supposed to study them to figure how to program it:” What were these six women working on?

2. Which of these firsts are the six “ENIAC girls” given credit for today?

3. Grace Hopper is another twentieth century mainframe legend. After receiving her commission in the U.S. Naval Reserve (Women’s Reserve), she joined a team working on the first electromechanical computer in the United States. The name of this computer was:

4. Hopper took part in CODASYL, the goal of which was to develop a common business language that could be used across industries and sectors. The finished product was COBOL, which was introduced in what year?

5. Who was called “the father of the mainframe” and is known, among other things, for his work on pipelining in computer architecture?

6. IBM’s Thomas Watson Jr. took an enormous risk on the creation of the world’s first fully integrated and compatible mainframe computer. That computer was:

7. Among his other achievements at IBM, for which of these was Watson responsible?

8. Which computer scientist is credited with coining the term “debugging” after removing a moth from a relay in the Harvard Mark II computer?

9. Who developed the concept of time-sharing, which allows multiple users to access a computer system simultaneously?